Why must train crews understand the physical characteristics of the track?

Understanding the physical characteristics of the track is crucial for train crews because it directly impacts operations, including speed and safety. Knowing the specific features of the track, such as its grade, curvature, and lay of the land, helps train crews make informed decisions regarding how fast to operate the train and which safety protocols to follow.

For instance, steeper grades may require slower speeds to ensure the train can brake adequately, while sharp curves necessitate reduced speeds to maintain stability and prevent derailment. Additionally, being aware of the track's physical traits enables crews to anticipate potential hazards and execute safe train handling techniques. This knowledge is essential for ensuring the reliability and safety of the train operation as well as the safety of its passengers and crew.