Why might track conditions be adversely affected by weather?

Track conditions can be adversely affected by weather due to the impact of precipitation on the rail infrastructure. Rain and snow can create hazards such as flooding, mudslides, and ice formation on the tracks. Water accumulation can lead to reduced traction for trains, increasing the risk of derailments or accidents. Furthermore, moisture can weaken the stability of the track bed, causing it to shift or settle improperly. These factors contribute to an unsafe and potentially disruptive environment for train operations.

The other options do not address the ways in which adverse weather impacts track conditions. Maintenance improvements or the effects of pavement do not directly respond to how weather can create dangers on the track itself. Similarly, the role of sunlight, while it may have some positive effects, does not counter the significant risks posed by wet or icy conditions.