What does the term "train dispatching" refer to?

The term "train dispatching" refers specifically to the process of coordinating train movements to ensure safety and efficiency on the railway network. This involves managing the schedule and tracking the location of trains in real-time to prevent collisions, optimize track usage, and maintain the overall flow of rail traffic. Dispatchers play a critical role in communicating with train crews, monitoring train performance, and making decisions that affect train routes and schedules.

In the context of this question, the focus is on the operational aspects of managing rail traffic rather than on passenger services, maintenance, or freight handling, which are addressed in the other options provided. Each of those alternatives pertains to functions outside the scope of train dispatching—whether it's gathering passenger feedback, cleaning train interiors, or managing freight operations—none of which entail the integral role of dispatching in ensuring safe and efficient train movements.